Implement Sprite class

shuriken.yaml

@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ default_target: linux
 targets:
   linux:
     output_file: rutile_game
+    # TODO: In a release build, set -DNDEBUG

src/app.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+module;
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module app;
+
+import config;
+import core.engine;
+import game.game;
+import wrappers.sdl;
+
+export
+{
+    class App
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<core::Engine> engine_{nullptr};
+        std::unique_ptr<game::Game> game_{nullptr};
+
+        public:
+            App() = default;
+
+            sdl::AppResult initialize()
+            {
+                try {
+                    // Set SDL application metadata
+                    sdl::SetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_NAME_STRING, config::app_name);
+                    sdl::SetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_VERSION_STRING, config::app_version);
+                    sdl::SetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_IDENTIFIER_STRING, config::app_identifier);
+                    sdl::SetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_CREATOR_STRING, config::app_creator);
+                    sdl::SetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_COPYRIGHT_STRING, config::app_copyright);
+                    sdl::SetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_URL_STRING, config::app_url);
+                    sdl::SetAppMetadataProperty(SDL_PROP_APP_METADATA_TYPE_STRING, "game");
+
+                    // Initialize SDL subsystems
+                    sdl::Init(sdl::InitFlags::Video | sdl::InitFlags::Events);
+
+                    // Create engine (includes window and renderer) and game state
+                    engine_ = core::Engine::create();
+                    game_ = game::Game::create(*engine_);
+                }
+                catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
+                    std::cerr << "Unhandled exception during initialization: " << e.what() << '\n';
+                    return sdl::AppResult::Failure;
+                }
+
+                return sdl::AppResult::Continue;
+            }
+
+            sdl::AppResult handle_event(const sdl::Event* event)
+            {
+                try {
+                    if (!engine_->handle_event(event)) {
+                        game_->handle_event(event);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
+                    std::cerr << "Unhandled exception during event handling: " << e.what() << '\n';
+                    return sdl::AppResult::Failure;
+                }
+
+                return engine_->keep_running() ? sdl::AppResult::Continue : sdl::AppResult::Success;
+            }
+
+            sdl::AppResult iterate()
+            {
+                try {
+                    engine_->update();
+                    game_->update();
+                    game_->render();
+                }
+                catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
+                    std::cerr << "Unhandled exception during updating: " << e.what() << '\n';
+                    return sdl::AppResult::Failure;
+                }
+
+                return engine_->keep_running() ? sdl::AppResult::Continue : sdl::AppResult::Success;
+            }
+
+            void shutdown() const
+            {
+                engine_->shutdown();
+                game_->shutdown();
+            }
+    };
+}

src/config.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module;
+
+#include <format>
+
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define DEBUG_BOOL false
+#else
+#define DEBUG_BOOL true
+#endif
+
+export module config;
+
+export namespace config
+{
+    constexpr auto debug = DEBUG_BOOL;
+
+    constexpr auto app_name = "Rutile Game Prototype";
+    constexpr auto app_version = "0.0.1-dev";
+    constexpr auto app_identifier = "dev.binarydiv.rutile_game";
+    constexpr auto app_creator = "binaryDiv";
+    constexpr auto app_copyright = "Copyright (c) 2025 binaryDiv";
+    constexpr auto app_url = "https://git.0xbd.space/binaryDiv/rutile-game";
+
+    constexpr auto window_width = 640;
+    constexpr auto window_height = 480;
+
+    constexpr auto get_window_title()
+    {
+        if constexpr (debug) {
+            return std::format("{} ({}) [DEBUG]", app_name, app_version);
+        }
+        else {
+            return std::format("{} ({})", app_name, app_version);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/core/drawing/sprite.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+module;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module core.drawing.sprite;
+
+import core.render_server;
+import wrappers.sdl;
+
+export namespace core
+{
+    class Sprite
+    {
+        // Texture ID (managed by TextureManager in RenderServer)
+        TextureID texture_id_;
+
+        // Texture source boundaries: which part of the texture to render
+        sdl::FRect texture_boundaries_;
+
+        // Texture offset: static offset that is added to the render position (BEFORE scale is applied)
+        sdl::FPoint texture_offset_{0, 0};
+
+        // Texture scale: factors applied to width/height (AFTER offset is applied)
+        // TODO: Proper vector class?
+        sdl::FPoint texture_scale_{1, 1};
+
+        // Sprite position: where to render the sprite (world coordinates)
+        sdl::FPoint position_{0, 0};
+
+        public:
+            explicit Sprite(
+                const TextureID texture_id,
+                const sdl::FRect texture_boundaries,
+                const sdl::FPoint position,
+                const sdl::FPoint texture_offset = {0, 0},
+                const sdl::FPoint texture_scale = {1, 1}
+            )
+                : texture_id_{texture_id},
+                  texture_boundaries_{texture_boundaries},
+                  texture_offset_{texture_offset},
+                  texture_scale_{texture_scale},
+                  position_{position}
+            {
+                assert(texture_boundaries_.w > 0 && texture_boundaries_.h > 0);
+            }
+
+            static Sprite create_with_texture(
+                RenderServer& render_server,
+                const std::string& filename,
+                std::optional<sdl::FRect> texture_boundaries,
+                auto... args
+            )
+            {
+                const TextureID texture_id = render_server.load_texture(filename);
+
+                if (!texture_boundaries.has_value()) {
+                    const sdl::Texture& texture = render_server.get_texture(texture_id);
+                    texture_boundaries = texture.get_boundaries();
+                }
+
+                return Sprite(texture_id, texture_boundaries.value(), args...);
+            }
+
+            void set_position(const sdl::FPoint new_position)
+            {
+                position_ = new_position;
+            }
+
+            void draw(const RenderServer& render_server) const
+            {
+                const sdl::FRect dest_rect{
+                    position_.x + (texture_scale_.x * texture_offset_.x),
+                    position_.y + (texture_scale_.y * texture_offset_.y),
+                    texture_scale_.x * texture_boundaries_.w,
+                    texture_scale_.y * texture_boundaries_.h,
+                };
+
+                render_server.render_texture(texture_id_, &texture_boundaries_, &dest_rect);
+            }
+    };
+}

src/core/engine.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+module;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module core.engine;
+
+import config;
+import core.render_server;
+import wrappers.sdl;
+
+export namespace core
+{
+    class Engine
+    {
+        // Whether this class is currently instantiated (to prevent multiple instances)
+        static bool instantiated_;
+
+        // If this is set to false, the application will exit
+        bool keep_running_ = true;
+
+        sdl::Window window_;
+        RenderServer render_server_;
+
+        // Private constructor
+        Engine(sdl::Window&& window, sdl::Renderer&& renderer)
+            : window_{std::move(window)},
+              render_server_{std::move(renderer)}
+        {
+            instantiated_ = true;
+        }
+
+        public:
+            Engine() = delete;
+
+            // No copy or move operations
+            Engine(const Engine&) = delete;
+            Engine& operator=(const Engine&) = delete;
+            Engine(Engine&&) = delete;
+            Engine& operator=(Engine&&) = delete;
+
+            ~Engine()
+            {
+                instantiated_ = false;
+            }
+
+            static std::unique_ptr<Engine> create()
+            {
+                // Prevent the class from being instantiated multiple times
+                assert(!instantiated_);
+
+                auto [sdl_window, sdl_renderer] = sdl::CreateWindowAndRenderer(
+                    config::get_window_title(),
+                    config::window_width,
+                    config::window_height,
+                    0
+                );
+
+                return std::unique_ptr<Engine>{
+                    new Engine{
+                        std::move(sdl_window),
+                        std::move(sdl_renderer)
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+
+            bool keep_running() const
+            {
+                return keep_running_;
+            }
+
+            sdl::Window& get_window()
+            {
+                return window_;
+            }
+
+            RenderServer& get_render_server()
+            {
+                return render_server_;
+            }
+
+            // Handles an SDL event. Returns true if the event has been handled.
+            bool handle_event(const sdl::Event* event)
+            {
+                if (event->type == sdl::EventType::Quit) {
+                    // Exit the application
+                    keep_running_ = false;
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            void update()
+            {
+            }
+
+            void shutdown()
+            {
+            }
+    };
+
+    bool Engine::instantiated_ = false;
+}

src/core/render_server.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+module;
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+export module core.render_server;
+
+import core.resource_manager;
+import core.texture_loader;
+import wrappers.sdl;
+
+export namespace core
+{
+    using TextureID = unsigned int;
+    using TextureManager = ResourceManager<TextureID, sdl::Texture, TextureLoader>;
+
+    class RenderServer
+    {
+        sdl::Renderer renderer_;
+        TextureLoader texture_loader_;
+        TextureManager texture_manager_;
+
+        public:
+            RenderServer() = delete;
+
+            explicit RenderServer(sdl::Renderer&& renderer)
+                : renderer_{std::move(renderer)},
+                  texture_loader_{renderer_},
+                  texture_manager_{texture_loader_}
+            {}
+
+            // No copy or move operations
+            RenderServer(const RenderServer&) = delete;
+            RenderServer& operator=(const RenderServer&) = delete;
+            RenderServer(RenderServer&&) = delete;
+            RenderServer& operator=(RenderServer&&) = delete;
+
+            ~RenderServer() = default;
+
+            constexpr sdl::Renderer& get_renderer()
+            {
+                return renderer_;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Load a texture from a file (if not loaded yet) and return its texture ID.
+             */
+            constexpr TextureID load_texture(const std::string& filename)
+            {
+                return texture_manager_.load_resource_by_name(filename);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Get a reference to a texture by its texture ID.
+             */
+            constexpr const sdl::Texture& get_texture(const TextureID texture_id) const
+            {
+                return texture_manager_.get_resource(texture_id);
+            }
+
+            void start_frame() const
+            {
+                renderer_.clear();
+            }
+
+            void finish_frame() const
+            {
+                renderer_.present();
+            }
+
+            void render_texture(
+                const TextureID texture_id,
+                const sdl::FRect* src_rect,
+                const sdl::FRect* dest_rect
+            ) const
+            {
+                render_texture(get_texture(texture_id), src_rect, dest_rect);
+            }
+
+            constexpr void render_texture(
+                const sdl::Texture& texture,
+                const sdl::FRect* src_rect,
+                const sdl::FRect* dest_rect
+            ) const
+            {
+                renderer_.render_texture(texture, src_rect, dest_rect);
+            }
+    };
+}

src/core/resource_manager.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+module;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <map>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+export module core.resource_manager;
+
+export namespace core
+{
+    template <typename ResourceLoaderType, typename ResourceType>
+    concept IsResourceLoader = requires(ResourceLoaderType loader, const std::string& name)
+    {
+        { loader.load_resource(name) } -> std::same_as<ResourceType>;
+    };
+
+    template <
+        typename ResourceIDType,
+        typename ResourceType,
+        IsResourceLoader<ResourceType> ResourceLoaderType
+    >
+    class ResourceManager
+    {
+        // Resource loader
+        ResourceLoaderType& resource_loader_;
+
+        // Registry of loaded resources, array index is resource ID
+        std::vector<ResourceType> resource_registry_;
+
+        // Mapping of all loaded resources from (file) name to resource ID
+        std::map<std::string, ResourceIDType> resource_name_map_;
+
+        public:
+            ResourceManager() = delete;
+
+            explicit ResourceManager(ResourceLoaderType& resource_loader)
+                : resource_loader_{resource_loader}
+            {}
+
+            // No copy or move operations
+            ResourceManager(const ResourceManager&) = delete;
+            ResourceManager& operator=(const ResourceManager&) = delete;
+            ResourceManager(ResourceManager&&) = delete;
+            ResourceManager& operator=(ResourceManager&&) = delete;
+
+            ~ResourceManager() = default;
+
+            /**
+             * Adds a new resource to the registry and returns its ID.
+             */
+            ResourceIDType add_resource(ResourceType&& resource)
+            {
+                // Add resource to end of vector
+                resource_registry_.push_back(std::move(resource));
+
+                // Return the index of the newly added resource
+                return static_cast<ResourceIDType>(resource_registry_.size() - 1);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Adds a new resource to the registry, associates the name with it and returns its ID.
+             */
+            ResourceIDType add_resource(ResourceType&& resource, const std::string& name)
+            {
+                // Add resource
+                ResourceIDType resource_id = add_resource(std::move(resource));
+
+                // Associate name with resource ID for future access
+                resource_name_map_.emplace(name, resource_id);
+
+                return resource_id;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Gets the resource ID for a given resource name, or `std::nullopt` if the resource was not found.
+             */
+            std::optional<ResourceIDType> get_resource_id_by_name(const std::string& name) const
+            {
+                // Check if resource is already loaded
+                if (
+                    const auto search = resource_name_map_.find(name);
+                    search != resource_name_map_.end()
+                ) {
+                    // Return resource ID
+                    return search->second;
+                }
+
+                return std::nullopt;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Loads a resource (e.g. from a file) and adds it to the registry if it isn't loaded yet.
+             * Returns the resource ID.
+             */
+            ResourceIDType load_resource_by_name(const std::string& name)
+            {
+                // Check if resource is already loaded
+                if (
+                    auto resource_id = get_resource_id_by_name(name);
+                    resource_id.has_value()
+                ) {
+                    return resource_id.value();
+                }
+
+                // Load resource and add it to the registry
+                return add_resource(resource_loader_.load_resource(name), name);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Returns a reference to the resource with the given ID.
+             * The reference is not guaranteed to be valid after adding new resources to the registry.
+             * Assumes that the resource ID is valid.
+             */
+            const ResourceType& get_resource(const ResourceIDType resource_id) const
+            {
+                assert(resource_id < resource_registry_.size());
+                return resource_registry_[resource_id];
+            }
+    };
+}

src/core/texture_loader.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+module;
+
+#include <string>
+
+export module core.texture_loader;
+
+import core.resource_manager;
+import wrappers.sdl;
+import wrappers.sdl_image;
+
+export namespace core
+{
+    class TextureLoader
+    {
+        sdl::Renderer& renderer_;
+
+        public:
+            explicit TextureLoader(sdl::Renderer& renderer)
+                : renderer_{renderer}
+            {}
+
+            // No copy or move operations (reference)
+            TextureLoader(const TextureLoader&) = delete;
+            TextureLoader& operator=(const TextureLoader&) = delete;
+            TextureLoader(TextureLoader&&) = delete;
+            TextureLoader& operator=(TextureLoader&&) = delete;
+
+            ~TextureLoader() = default;
+
+            sdl::Texture load_resource(const std::string& filename) const
+            {
+                return sdl_image::LoadTexture(renderer_, filename);
+            }
+    };
+}

src/game/game.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+module;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module game.game;
+
+import core.drawing.sprite;
+import core.engine;
+import core.render_server;
+import wrappers.sdl;
+import wrappers.sdl_image;
+
+export namespace game
+{
+    class Game
+    {
+        // Whether this class is currently instantiated (to prevent multiple instances)
+        static bool instantiated_;
+
+        // Reference to the engine
+        core::Engine& engine_;
+
+        // Sprites for testing
+        core::Sprite player_sprite_;
+        std::vector<core::Sprite> sprites_;
+
+        // Private constructor
+        explicit Game(core::Engine& engine)
+            : engine_(engine),
+              player_sprite_{
+                  core::Sprite::create_with_texture(
+                      engine_.get_render_server(),
+                      "assets/sprites/neocat_64.png",
+                      std::nullopt,
+                      sdl::FPoint{0, 0},
+                      sdl::FPoint{-32, -32}
+                  )
+              }
+        {}
+
+        public:
+            Game() = delete;
+
+            // No copy or move operations because we have a reference to the engine
+            Game(const Game&) = delete;
+            Game& operator=(const Game&) = delete;
+            Game(Game&&) = delete;
+            Game& operator=(Game&&) = delete;
+
+            ~Game()
+            {
+                instantiated_ = false;
+            }
+
+            static std::unique_ptr<Game> create(core::Engine& engine)
+            {
+                // Prevent the class from being instantiated multiple times
+                assert(!instantiated_);
+                return std::unique_ptr<Game>{
+                    new Game(engine)
+                };
+            }
+
+            // Handles an SDL event. Returns true if the event has been handled.
+            bool handle_event(const sdl::Event* event)
+            {
+                if (event->type == sdl::EventType::MouseMotion) {
+                    player_sprite_.set_position({event->motion.x, event->motion.y});
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                if (event->type == sdl::EventType::MouseButtonUp) {
+                    sprites_.push_back(
+                        core::Sprite::create_with_texture(
+                            engine_.get_render_server(),
+                            "assets/sprites/neofox_64.png",
+                            std::nullopt,
+                            sdl::FPoint{event->motion.x, event->motion.y},
+                            sdl::FPoint{-32, -32}
+                        )
+                    );
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            void update()
+            {
+            }
+
+            void render() const
+            {
+                const auto& render_server = engine_.get_render_server();
+                render_server.start_frame();
+
+                for (const core::Sprite& sprite : sprites_) {
+                    sprite.draw(render_server);
+                }
+                player_sprite_.draw(render_server);
+
+                render_server.finish_frame();
+            }
+
+            void shutdown()
+            {
+            }
+    };
+
+    bool Game::instantiated_ = false;
+}

src/main.cpp

@@ -1,27 +1,30 @@
-import sdl_app;
+import app;
 
 #define SDL_MAIN_USE_CALLBACKS
 #include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
 
-SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, int /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/)
+SDL_AppResult SDL_AppInit(void** appstate, const int /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/)
 {
-    *appstate = new AppState;
+    auto* app = new App;
-    return sdl_app_init(static_cast<AppState*>(*appstate));
+    *appstate = app;
-}
+    return static_cast<SDL_AppResult>(app->initialize());
-
-SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
-{
-    return sdl_app_iterate(static_cast<AppState*>(appstate));
 }
 
 SDL_AppResult SDL_AppEvent(void* appstate, SDL_Event* event)
 {
-    return sdl_app_event(static_cast<AppState*>(appstate), event);
+    auto* app = static_cast<App*>(appstate);
+    return static_cast<SDL_AppResult>(app->handle_event(event));
 }
 
-void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, SDL_AppResult /*result*/)
+SDL_AppResult SDL_AppIterate(void* appstate)
 {
-    const auto* game_app_state = static_cast<AppState*>(appstate);
+    auto* app = static_cast<App*>(appstate);
-    sdl_app_shutdown(game_app_state);
+    return static_cast<SDL_AppResult>(app->iterate());
-    delete game_app_state;
+}
+
+void SDL_AppQuit(void* appstate, const SDL_AppResult /*result*/)
+{
+    const auto* app = static_cast<App*>(appstate);
+    app->shutdown();
+    delete app;
 }

src/sdl_app.cppm

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-module;
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
-
-export module sdl_app;
-
-import sprite;
-
-export {
-    struct AppState
-    {
-        SDL_Window* window = nullptr;
-        SDL_Renderer* renderer = nullptr;
-        Sprite* sprite = nullptr;
-    };
-
-    SDL_AppResult sdl_panic(
-        const std::string& error_prefix,
-        SDL_Window* window = nullptr,
-        SDL_Renderer* renderer = nullptr
-    )
-    {
-        std::cerr << error_prefix << ": " << SDL_GetError() << '\n';
-
-        if (renderer != nullptr) {
-            SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
-        }
-        if (window != nullptr) {
-            SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
-        }
-
-        SDL_Quit();
-        return SDL_APP_FAILURE;
-    }
-
-    SDL_AppResult sdl_app_init(AppState* app_state)
-    {
-        if (!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_EVENTS)) {
-            return sdl_panic("SDL_Init error");
-        }
-
-        app_state->window = SDL_CreateWindow("BuildSystemTest", 640, 480, 0);
-        if (app_state->window == nullptr) {
-            return sdl_panic("SDL_CreateWindow error");
-        }
-
-        app_state->renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(app_state->window, nullptr);
-        if (app_state->renderer == nullptr) {
-            return sdl_panic("SDL_CreateRenderer error", app_state->window);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            app_state->sprite = new Sprite(app_state->renderer, "assets/neocat.png", 100, 100);
-        }
-        catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
-            return sdl_panic(e.what(), app_state->window, app_state->renderer);
-        }
-
-        return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
-    }
-
-    SDL_AppResult sdl_app_event(const AppState* app_state, const SDL_Event* event)
-    {
-        if (event->type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT) {
-            return SDL_APP_SUCCESS;
-        }
-
-        if (event->type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_MOTION) {
-            app_state->sprite->move(
-                event->motion.x - 50,
-                event->motion.y - 50
-            );
-        }
-
-        return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
-    }
-
-    SDL_AppResult sdl_app_iterate(const AppState* app_state)
-    {
-        SDL_RenderClear(app_state->renderer);
-        app_state->sprite->render(app_state->renderer);
-        SDL_RenderPresent(app_state->renderer);
-
-        return SDL_APP_CONTINUE;
-    }
-
-    void sdl_app_shutdown(const AppState* app_state)
-    {
-        delete app_state->sprite;
-        SDL_DestroyRenderer(app_state->renderer);
-        SDL_DestroyWindow(app_state->window);
-    }
-}

src/sprite.cppm

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-module;
-
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <string>
-#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
-#include <SDL3_image/SDL_image.h>
-
-export module sprite;
-
-export class Sprite
-{
-    SDL_Texture* sdl_texture;
-    SDL_FRect dest_rect{0, 0, 0, 0};
-
-    public:
-        explicit Sprite(
-            SDL_Renderer* renderer,
-            const std::string& filename,
-            const int width,
-            const int height
-        )
-        {
-            SDL_Surface* texture_surface = IMG_Load(filename.c_str());
-            if (texture_surface == nullptr) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("IMG_Load error");
-            }
-
-            sdl_texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, texture_surface);
-            SDL_DestroySurface(texture_surface);
-
-            if (sdl_texture == nullptr) {
-                throw std::runtime_error("SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface error");
-            }
-
-            dest_rect.w = static_cast<float>(width);
-            dest_rect.h = static_cast<float>(height);
-        }
-
-        // Don't allow copy operations
-        Sprite(const Sprite&) = delete;
-        Sprite& operator=(const Sprite&) = delete;
-
-        // Move constructor
-        Sprite(Sprite&& other) noexcept
-            : sdl_texture(other.sdl_texture),
-              dest_rect(other.dest_rect)
-        {
-            other.sdl_texture = nullptr;
-        }
-
-        // Move assignment
-        Sprite& operator=(Sprite&& other) noexcept
-        {
-            // Move inner resources from other
-            sdl_texture = other.sdl_texture;
-            dest_rect = other.dest_rect;
-
-            // Reset other to make it safe for deletion
-            other.sdl_texture = nullptr;
-
-            return *this;
-        }
-
-        ~Sprite()
-        {
-            if (sdl_texture != nullptr) {
-                SDL_DestroyTexture(sdl_texture);
-            }
-        }
-
-        void move(const float x, const float y)
-        {
-            dest_rect.x = x;
-            dest_rect.y = y;
-        }
-
-        void render(SDL_Renderer* renderer) const
-        {
-            SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, sdl_texture, nullptr, &dest_rect);
-        }
-};

src/utils/memory.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+module;
+
+export module utils.memory;
+
+export namespace utils
+{
+    /**
+     * Template to generate deleters for `std::unique_ptr` from functions, e.g. to free SDL resources.
+     *
+     * @tparam delete_func Function that takes a pointer to a resource and deletes the resource.
+     */
+    template <auto delete_func>
+    struct FuncDeleter
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        constexpr void operator()(T* ptr) const noexcept
+        {
+            delete_func(ptr);
+        }
+    };
+}

src/wrappers/sdl.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module;
+
+export module wrappers.sdl;
+
+// Export submodules
+export import wrappers.sdl.error;
+export import wrappers.sdl.events;
+export import wrappers.sdl.init;
+export import wrappers.sdl.rect;
+export import wrappers.sdl.render;
+export import wrappers.sdl.video;

src/wrappers/sdl/error.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+module;
+
+#include <format>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module wrappers.sdl.error;
+
+export namespace sdl
+{
+    // Exception that wraps an SDL error (which SDL function caused the error, what's the error).
+    // SDL_GetError() is used in the constructor to get the error message unless specified explicitly.
+    class SDLException final : public std::runtime_error
+    {
+        public:
+            explicit SDLException(const std::string& sdl_func, const std::string& sdl_error)
+                : runtime_error(std::format("Error in SDL function {}: {}", sdl_func, sdl_error))
+            {}
+
+            explicit SDLException(const std::string& sdl_func)
+                : SDLException(sdl_func, SDL_GetError())
+            {}
+    };
+}

src/wrappers/sdl/events.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+module;
+
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module wrappers.sdl.events;
+
+export namespace sdl
+{
+    // Simple alias for SDL_Event union
+    using Event = SDL_Event;
+
+    // Alias for EventType enum
+    using EventType_t = SDL_EventType;
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the SDL_EventType enum.
+     *
+     * We're using a namespace here to emulate an enum-like interface, without having to copy the entire enum.
+     * More constants can be added on demand.
+     */
+    namespace EventType
+    {
+        constexpr EventType_t Quit = SDL_EVENT_QUIT;
+        constexpr EventType_t KeyDown = SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN;
+        constexpr EventType_t KeyUp = SDL_EVENT_KEY_UP;
+        constexpr EventType_t MouseMotion = SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_MOTION;
+        constexpr EventType_t MouseButtonUp = SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_UP;
+        constexpr EventType_t MouseButtonDown = SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_DOWN;
+    }
+}

src/wrappers/sdl/init.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+module;
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module wrappers.sdl.init;
+
+import wrappers.sdl.error;
+
+export namespace sdl
+{
+    using InitFlags_t = SDL_InitFlags;
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for the SDL_InitFlags enum/constants.
+     *
+     * We're using a namespace here to emulate an enum-like interface. If we used an actual enum, we would have to
+     * explicitly define bit-wise operations for it (as well as for every other kind of bit flag enum.
+     * (Maybe in the future this can be replaced with a more elegant template-based solution or something.)
+     */
+    namespace InitFlags
+    {
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Audio = SDL_INIT_AUDIO;
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Video = SDL_INIT_VIDEO;
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Joystick = SDL_INIT_JOYSTICK;
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Haptic = SDL_INIT_HAPTIC;
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Gamepad = SDL_INIT_GAMEPAD;
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Events = SDL_INIT_EVENTS;
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Sensor = SDL_INIT_SENSOR;
+        constexpr InitFlags_t Camera = SDL_INIT_CAMERA;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around the SDL_AppResult enum.
+     */
+    enum class AppResult : std::underlying_type_t<SDL_AppResult>
+    {
+        Continue = SDL_APP_CONTINUE,
+        Success = SDL_APP_SUCCESS,
+        Failure = SDL_APP_FAILURE,
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_Init().
+     */
+    constexpr void Init(const InitFlags_t flags)
+    {
+        if (!SDL_Init(flags)) {
+            throw SDLException("SDL_Init");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_SetAppMetadataProperty().
+     */
+    constexpr void SetAppMetadataProperty(const char* property_name, const char* value)
+    {
+        if (!SDL_SetAppMetadataProperty(property_name, value)) {
+            throw SDLException("SDL_SetAppMetadataProperty");
+        }
+    }
+}

src/wrappers/sdl/rect.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+module;
+
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module wrappers.sdl.rect;
+
+export namespace sdl
+{
+    // Wrappers around SDL_Point and SDL_FPoint (change to wrapper classes when needed)
+    using FPoint = SDL_FPoint;
+    using Point = SDL_Point;
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_FRect using class inheritance.
+     */
+    class FRect : public SDL_FRect
+    {
+        /**
+         * Wrapper around SDL_RectEmptyFloat().
+         * @return True if the floating point rectangle takes no space.
+         */
+        constexpr bool is_empty() const
+        {
+            return SDL_RectEmptyFloat(this);
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_Rect using class inheritance.
+     */
+    class Rect : public SDL_Rect
+    {
+        /**
+         * Wrapper around SDL_RectEmpty().
+         * @return True if the rectangle takes no space.
+         */
+        constexpr bool is_empty() const
+        {
+            return SDL_RectEmpty(this);
+        }
+    };
+}

src/wrappers/sdl/render.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+module;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module wrappers.sdl.render;
+
+import utils.memory;
+import wrappers.sdl.error;
+import wrappers.sdl.rect;
+import wrappers.sdl.video;
+
+export namespace sdl
+{
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_Texture that manages its lifecycle with a unique_ptr.
+     */
+    class Texture
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<
+            SDL_Texture,
+            utils::FuncDeleter<SDL_DestroyTexture>
+        > raw_texture_;
+
+        public:
+            Texture() = delete;
+
+            explicit Texture(SDL_Texture* raw_texture)
+                : raw_texture_{raw_texture}
+            {}
+
+            constexpr SDL_Texture* get_raw() const
+            {
+                assert(raw_texture_);
+                return raw_texture_.get();
+            }
+
+            constexpr int get_width() const
+            {
+                return raw_texture_->w;
+            }
+
+            constexpr int get_height() const
+            {
+                return raw_texture_->h;
+            }
+
+            constexpr FRect get_boundaries() const
+            {
+                return {0, 0, static_cast<float>(raw_texture_->w), static_cast<float>(raw_texture_->h)};
+            }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_Renderer that manages its lifecycle with a unique_ptr.
+     */
+    class Renderer
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<
+            SDL_Renderer,
+            utils::FuncDeleter<SDL_DestroyRenderer>
+        > raw_renderer_;
+
+        public:
+            Renderer() = delete;
+
+            explicit Renderer(SDL_Renderer* raw_renderer)
+                : raw_renderer_{raw_renderer}
+            {}
+
+            constexpr SDL_Renderer* get_raw() const
+            {
+                assert(raw_renderer_);
+                return raw_renderer_.get();
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Wrapper around SDL_RenderClear().
+             * Uses assert to verify the function returned true.
+             */
+            constexpr void clear() const
+            {
+                // TODO: These functions probably should never fail? Change this to a runtime exception if necessary.
+                if (!SDL_RenderClear(get_raw())) {
+                    assert(!"SDL_RenderClear returned false");
+                }
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Wrapper around SDL_RenderPresent().
+             * Uses assert to verify the function returned true.
+             */
+            constexpr void present() const
+            {
+                if (!SDL_RenderPresent(get_raw())) {
+                    assert(!"SDL_RenderPresent returned false");
+                }
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Wrapper around SDL_RenderTexture().
+             * Uses assert to verify the function returned true.
+             */
+            constexpr void render_texture(
+                const Texture& texture,
+                const FRect* src_rect,
+                const FRect* dest_rect
+            ) const
+            {
+                if (!SDL_RenderTexture(get_raw(), texture.get_raw(), src_rect, dest_rect)) {
+                    assert(!"SDL_RenderTexture returned false");
+                }
+            }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer().
+     * Returns a pair of a Window and a Renderer object.
+     * Throws an SDLException on failure.
+     */
+    std::pair<Window, Renderer> CreateWindowAndRenderer(
+        const std::string& title,
+        const int width,
+        const int height,
+        const SDL_WindowFlags window_flags
+    )
+    {
+        SDL_Window* raw_window = nullptr;
+        SDL_Renderer* raw_renderer = nullptr;
+
+        if (!SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer(
+            title.c_str(), width, height, window_flags, &raw_window, &raw_renderer
+        )) {
+            throw SDLException("SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer");
+        }
+
+        return {Window{raw_window}, Renderer{raw_renderer}};
+    }
+}

src/wrappers/sdl/video.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+module;
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+export module wrappers.sdl.video;
+
+import utils.memory;
+
+export namespace sdl
+{
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around SDL_Window that manages its lifecycle with a unique_ptr.
+     */
+    class Window
+    {
+        std::unique_ptr<
+            SDL_Window,
+            utils::FuncDeleter<SDL_DestroyWindow>
+        > raw_window_;
+
+        public:
+            Window() = delete;
+
+            explicit Window(SDL_Window* raw_window)
+                : raw_window_{raw_window}
+            {}
+
+            constexpr SDL_Window* get_raw() const
+            {
+                assert(raw_window_);
+                return raw_window_.get();
+            }
+    };
+}

src/wrappers/sdl_image.cppm

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+module;
+
+#include <string>
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL3_image/SDL_image.h>
+
+export module wrappers.sdl_image;
+
+import utils.memory;
+import wrappers.sdl.error;
+import wrappers.sdl.render;
+
+export namespace sdl_image
+{
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around IMG_LoadTexture().
+     */
+    sdl::Texture LoadTexture(const sdl::Renderer& renderer, const std::string& filename)
+    {
+        SDL_Texture* sdl_texture = IMG_LoadTexture(renderer.get_raw(), filename.c_str());
+
+        if (sdl_texture == nullptr) {
+            throw sdl::SDLException("IMG_LoadTexture");
+        }
+
+        return sdl::Texture{sdl_texture};
+    }
+}